Spacious Skies

CONTENTS

  • PREFACE

  • SKYWATCHING

    • WISDOM IN THE WIND
    • SKY-SMARTS
      • What Clouds Can Tell Us
      • A Closer Look at Clouds Changing
      • A Different Way of Seeing
    • RECLAIMING OUR HERITAGE
    • METAMORPHOSIS
    • STANDING AT THE DAWN

  • EARTHWATCHING

    • EYES IN THE SKY
    • A REMOTE ISLAND
    • ARCTIC WASTES
    • COASTAL WHIRLS
    • FOSSIL CLOUDS
    • THE ROTATING EARTH
    • A ROBE OF WAVES
    • DUST AND GLINT
    • A BROADER VIEW

  • STARTING POINTS

    • MOIST - RELATIVELY AND ABSOLUTELY
    • GOING UP AND DOWN
    • BASICS
    • CONVECTION CLOUDS
      • Cumulus
      • Anvils
      • Cells and Streets
    • FRONTAL CLOUDS
      • Airmasses
      • The Thermal Wind
      • Jetstreams
    • ALTO CLOUDS
      • Altocumulus
      • Lenticular Clouds and Pileus
      • Castellatus and Floccus
      • Billows
      • Altostratus
    • ICE CLOUDS
      • Ice Fallout
      • Fallstreak Holes
      • Cirrostratus
      • Cirrocumulus
      • Cirrus

  • CUMULUS

    • ORIGINS
      • Heat
      • Thermals
    • EFFECTS OF OTHER ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS
      • Stability and Instability
      • Moisture
      • Wind and Wind Shear
    • NEW AND OLD CLOUDS
    • ARRANGEMENT OF CLOUD ELEMENTS
      • Lines and Clusters
      • Streets
      • A Random Arrangement
    • LARGE CUMULUS
      • Warm Rain
    • PILEUS: THE ELUSIVE "CAP" CLOUD

  • CUMULONIMBUS

    • STRUCTURAL FEATURES
      • Why Every Cb Is Unique
    • TYPICAL LIFE CYCLE
    • CUMULONIMBUS TYPES
      • Single cell
      • Multicell
    • WINTER CONVECTION

  • SEVERE WEATHER AND THE STORM ENVIRONMENT

    • STORM TYPES AND ORGANIZATION
      • THE INTENSITY OF A STORM SYSTEM
      • THE MULTICELL STORM
      • THE SUPERCELL
      • THE SQUALL LINE
      • OTHER TYPES OF SEVERE EVENTS
      • STORM ARRANGEMENT
    • STORM-SCALE AIR MOTIONS AND FEATURES
      • OVERVIEW
      • INFLOW FEATURES
      • ROTATION AND THE TORNADO
      • OUTFLOW FEATURES
      • MAMMA

  • EYES IN SPACE

    • THE NEW OBSERVATIONS
    • THE ORBITS
    • HOW THE PICTURE IS BUILT UP
    • WHAT THE PICTURES TELL US
    • VISIBILITY PROBLEMS
    • AIRMASSES
    • FRONTS
    • AIRMASSES
    • ANTICYCLONES

  • SONIC AND GRAVITY WAVES

    • THE SONIC WAVE
    • THE CONVECTION WAVE
    • INTERNAL GRAVITY WAVES
    • REFLECTED MOUNTAIN WAVES

  • MOUNTAIN WAVES

    • GRAVITY WAVES
    • WAVE DISPERSION
    • LEE WAVES
    • FOHN WINDS, FOHN CIRRUS, AND MOUNTAIN WAVES

  • ON REFLECTION

    • CALM
    • SUB-SUNS AND PILLARS
    • INTENSE SCATTER

  • LIGHTWORK

    • RAINBOWS AND CLOUD BOWS
    • HALOS - REFRACTION IN ICE CRYSTALS
    • BRIGHTLY COLOURED ARCS

  • FOGS AND TRAILS

    • FOG IS BEAUTIFUL
    • RADIATION FOG
    • STEAMING FOG
    • CONTRAILS
    • TRANSFORMING SEA FOG
    • SHIP TRAILS

  • HABOOB EFFECTS IN THE ATMOSPHERE

  • APPENDIX

    • THE PHYSICAL NATURE OF CLOUDS
    • NEW AND OLD CLOUDS
    • SCATTERING OF SUNSHINE
    • GROWTH OF DRIZZLE AND RAIN
    • FREEZING OF DROPLETS
    • RAIN FROM ICE CRYSTALS
    • FALLSTREAKS
    • ENDURING CIRRUS
    • RADIATION AND LAYER CLOUDS
    • EFFECT OF SUNSHINE ON CLOUDS
    • EARTH RADIATION
    • THE BLUE PLANET
    • THE AEROGRAM